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| Classification of Joints |
The study of joint is termed anthropology. Two or more bones are connected and most of case permitting some degree of movement, called joint.
Structurally, joint classified as following types:
- Fibrous joint
- Cartilaginous joint
- Synovial joint
Fibrous joint
The bones are connected together by dense irregular connective tissue that is rich in collagen fibers. Fibrous joint permit little or no movement. There is no synovial cavity.
There are three type of fibrous joint.
Sutures
Suture occur only between bones of skull. These sutures are composed with dense irregular connective tissue.
Example: coronal suture binds parietal and frontal bone of skull together.
Syndesmoses
These joints are dense than sutures. These are arranged as a bundle (ligament). These joints permit slightly or limited movement.
Example: anterior tibiofibular ligament connects tibia and fibula.
Interosseous membrane
Interosseous membrane is solid sheet of dense irregular connective tissue that binds near long bones and allows slight movement.
Example: One interosseous membrane occurs between the radius and ulna (bone of forearm).
Cartilaginous joint
Cartilaginous joint is similar as fibrous joint. There is no synovial cavity and permits slight or no movement.
There is two type of cartilaginous joint:
- Synchondroses
- Symphyses.
Synchondroses
In which connecting material is hyaline cartilage.
Example: one of a synchondrosis is connect between the first rib and sternum (chest bone).
Symphyses
These joints are covered with hyaline cartilage. All symphyses occur in the midline of the human body.
Example: pubic symphyses present between the anterior surface of hip bone.
Synovial Joint
Synovial joint has a unique characteristic that is these joints have space called synovial cavity. Because of synovial cavity, these joint allows considerable movement. All synovial joints are freely moved.
The bones at the synovial joint are covered with hyaline cartilage, called articular cartilage. Synovial cavity contains a fluid, called synovial fluid. Synovial fluids provide nourishment and lubricating joint to reduce fraction. It also supply the oxygen and nutrition to joint.
Type of Movement at Synovial joint
- Gliding
- Angular movements
- Rotation
Type of Synovial Joint
Synovial joints are classified into following categories:
Plane joints
Bones in the plane joints are flat or slightly curved. The movements of plane joint are biaxial which means they allow movement in two axes.
Example: intercarpal joints (joint between carpal or wrist bone).
Hinge joints
The convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another bone make hinge joint. Movements like door open and close. Hinge joints allow movement on one axis.
Example: knee joint, elbow joint, ankle joint .
Pivot joints
Rounded surface of one bone fits into the notch or ring formed by another bone.
Example: radioulnar joint.
Condyloid joints
The convex oval shaped projection of one bone fits into the oval shaped depression (pit) of another bone make condyloid joints.
Example: radiocarpal joint.
Saddle joints
The saddle shaped surface of one bone and another bone fit into the saddle as sitting rider (one bone saddle shaped means horse seat shaped and another bone as rider means when a horse rider sit on horse, he was fit into horse seat or saddle).
Example: joint between the trapezium of the carpus and metacarpal of thumb (movement of thumb).
Ball and socket joint
The rounded surface of one bone fit into cup like socket of another bone make ball and socket joint.
Example: shoulder and hip joint.
***diagram***
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