Hazards of blood transfusion

Blood Transfusion

 Following disorders are cause during blood transfusion and after blood transfusion.

1. Immunological.
2. Nonimmunological.

Immunological

Acute Immunological disorders
(Cause disorder within minute to 24 hours)

a) Hemolytic
b) Alloimmune
c) Transfusion relates acute lung injury (TRALI)
d)  Anaphylactic
 

Delayed immunological disorders 

(Causes disorder after blood transfusion)
a) Hemolytic
b) Purpura 

Nonimmunological

Acute Nonimmunological disorders

a) Hemolytic
b) Citrate toxicity
c) Coagulopathy
d) Hyperthermia
e) Hypocalcaemia
f)  Circulatory overload
 

Delayed nonimmunological disorders

a)    Metabolic
b)    Iron overload
c)    Infection

•  Bacteria
•  Virus
•  Parasites

Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction

Destruction of transfused blood cells by the recipients antibodies.

Symptoms

1. Fever
2. Chill
3. Chest pain
4. Back pain

Transfusion relates acute lung injury (TRALI)

TRALI associated with the presence of granulocyte antibodies in the donor plasma.
Anaphylactic transfusion reaction.
Blood component that contain large volume of plasma.

Symptoms

1. Vomiting
2. Diarrhea
3. Vascular collapse