Because the heart lies between two rigid structures (the vertebral column and the sternum), external pressure (compression) on the chest can be used to force blood out of the heart into the circulation.
In cases where the heart suddenly stops beating, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) - properly applied cardiac compression performed with artificial ventilation of the lungs - saves lives by keeping oxygenated blood circulating until the heart can be restarted.
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