Pyelitis is an inflammation of the renal pelvis and its calyces.
Pyelonephritis, an inflammation of one or both kidney, involves both the nephrons and the renal pelvis. The disease is generally a complication of infection elsewhere in the body. In females, it is often a complication of lower urinary tract infections. In about 75% of the cases the cause is the bacterium Escherichia coli.
If pyelonephritis becomes chronic, scar tissue forms in the kidneys and severely impairs their function.
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