Syncope or faint, refers to a sudden, temporary loss of consciousness followed by spontaneous recovery. It is most commonly due to cerebral ischemia (lack of sufficient blood flow) and may be preceded by uneasiness, malaise, lightheadedness, nausea, vertigo, confusion, disturbances in vision, weakness, sweating or tinnitus.
Among the common causes of syncope are sudden emotional stress or real, threatened or fantasized injury (vasodepressor syncope); pressure stress associated with urination, defecation or severe coughing (situational syncope;)drugs such as antihypertensive, diuretics, vasodilators and tranquilizers (drug-induced syncope).
An excessive decrease in blood pressure that occurs upon standing up (orthostatic hypotension); situations that stretch the carotid sinus, such as hyperextension of the sinus syncope); and reduced cardiac output.
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