The phenomenon of transfer of cells, tissues or organs from one site to another (in the same organism, autograft or from an organism allograft) is regarded as organ transplantation.
In case of humans, majority of organ transplantations are allograft (between two individuals). the term xenograft is used if tissue or organ are transferred from one species to another for example - from pig to man.
Organ transplantation is associated with immunological complications, and tissue rejection. this is because the host body responds to the transplanted tissue in a similar way as if it were an invading foreign organism.
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is primarily involved in allograft rejection. this is due to the fact that MHC proteins are unique to each individual and the immune system responds promptly to foreign MHCs.
Organ transplantation between closely related family members is preferred, since their MHCs are also likely to be closed related. and major immunological complications can be averted.
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