An obstruction, such as a tumor or a congenital blockage, or an inflammation in the brain can interfere with the drainage of CSF from the ventricles into the subarachnoid space.
As fluid accumulates in the ventricles, the CSF pressure rises. This condition is called hydrocephalus (hydro = water; kephale = head).
In a baby, if the fontanels have not yet closed, the head bulges in response to the increased and damage the delicate nervous tissue.
Hydrocephalus responds dramatically to ventricular drainage of CSF from a brain ventricle into the subclavian vein and then into the right atrium of the heart.
In adults, hydrocephalus may occur following head injury, meningitis, or subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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