Nephrotic syndrome refers to protein in the urine (proteinuria), primarily albumin, that results in edema and hyperlipidemia (high blood levels of cholesterols, phospholipids, and triglycerides). The proteinuria is due to an increased permeability of the endothelial-capsular membrane, which permits proteins to escape from blood into urine. Loss of albumin result in a decline in the blood level of albumin fails to meet increased urinary losses.
The edema associated with nephrotic syndrome, usually seen around the eyes, ankles, feet and abdomen, occurs because loss of albumin from the blood cause a decrease in blood colloid osmotic pressure.
This leads to fluid movement from blood into interstitial spaces. among the cause of nephrotic syndrome are diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, lymphoma, leukemia, bacterial and viral infections, certain drugs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, street heroin), heavy metals (gold, mercury), hypertension and sickle cell anemia.
Treatment is aimed at alleviating the proteinuria.
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