MCQ on Pancreatic Hormones & Antidiabetic Drugs

1. Secretory products of pancreatic β-cells are:

a) Glucagon, proglucagon

b) Insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP)

c) Somatostatin

d) Pancreatic polypeptide (PP)

Ans: (b)

2. Insulin is:

a) A glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 6000

b) A small protein with a molecular weight of 5808 having disulphide linkage

c) A fructoolygosaccharide

d) A catecholamine

Ans: (b)

3. Insulin is a polypeptide hence:

a) It is resistant to destruction by gastric juice

b) It is destroyed by gastric juice

c) It is not a polypeptide

d) It is metabolized immediately by cellular enzymes

Ans: (b)

4. Bovine insulin is less antigenic than porcine. This consideration is:

a) True

b) False

Ans: (b)

5. Insulin causes reduction in blood sugar level by the following mechanisms, EXCEPT:

a) Increased glucose uptake in the peripheral tissue

b) Reduction of breakdown of glycogen

c) Diminished gluconeogenesis

d) Decreased glucose absorption from the gut

Ans: (d)

6. Which of the following is true for glucagon?

a) Stimulates gluconeogenesis in the liver

b) Stimulates the secretion of insulin by beta cells

c) Inhibits glucose utilization by skeletal muscle

d) Inhibits uptake of aminoacids by cells.

Ans: (a)

7. Insulin can not be administered by:

a) Oral route

b) Intravenous route

c) Subcutaneous route

d) Intramuscular route.

Ans: (a)

8. Sources of human insulin production are:

a) Recombinant DNA techniques by inserting the proinsulin gene into E. coli or yeast

b) Postmortem insulin extraction from human autopsy pancreas

c) All of the above

d) None of the above

Ans: (a)

9. The primary reason for a physician to prescribe human insulin is that:

a) It has a faster onset of action than other insulins

b) It has a shorter duration of action than other insulins

c) It can be given to patients who have an allergy to animal insulins

d) It is more effective in preventing the complications of diabetes than animal insulins

Ans: (c)

10. Correct statements about crystalline zinc (regular) insulin include all of the following, EXCEPT:

a) It can serve as replacement therapy for juvenile-onset diabetes

b) It can be administered intravenously

c) It is a short-acting insulin

d) It can be administered orally

Ans: (d)

11. Diabetic coma is treated by the administration of:

a) Lente insulin

b) Glucose

c) Crystalline insulin

d) Oral anti-diabetic drugs.

Ans: (c)

12. Sulphonylureas act by:

a) Reducing the absorption of carbohydrate from the gut

b) Increasing the uptake of glucose in peripheral tissues

c) Reducing the hepatic gluconeogenesis

d) Stimulating the beta islet cells of pancreas to produce insulin

Ans: (d)

13. Sulphonylureas are effective in totally insulin deficient patients. This consideration is:

a) True

b) False

Ans: (b)

14. Currently used second-generation sulfonylureas include the following, EXCEPT:

a) Glyburide (Glibenclamide)

b) Glipizide (Glydiazinamide)

c) Glimepiride (Amaril)

d) Tolbutamide (Orinase)

Ans: (d)

15. Currently used oral hypoglycemic thiazolidinediones include the following, EXCEPT

a) Pioglitazone (Actos)

b) Rosiglitazone (Avandia)

c) Troglitazone (Rezulin)

d) All of the above

Ans: (c)

16. Thiazolidinediones act by:

a) Diminishing insulin resistance by increasing glucose uptake and metabolism in muscle and adipose tissues

b) Reducing the absorption of carbohydrate from the gut

c) Stimulating the beta islet cells of pancreas to produce insulin

d) All of the above

Ans: (a)

17. Currently used alpha-glucosidase inhibitors include the following, EXCEPT:

a) Pioglitazone (Actos)

b) Acarbose (Precose)

c) Miglitol (Glyset)

d) All of the above

Ans: (a)

18. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors act by:

a) Diminishing insulin resistance by increasing glucose uptake and metabolism in muscle and adipose tissues

b) Competitive inhibiting of intestinal alpha-ghucosidases and modulating the postprandial digestion and absorption of starch and disaccharides

c) Reducing the absorption of carbohydrate from the gut

d) Stimulating the beta islet cells of pancreas to produce insulin

Ans: (b)

19. Potency of action of

a) Miglitol is six times higher than that of acarbose

b) Acarbose is more than that of miglitol

c) Miglitol and acarbose is equal

d) Oral hypoglycemic agents depend on the severity of hyperglycemia

Ans: (a)

20. Which of the following oral hypoglycaemic drugs stimulates both synthesis and release of insulin from beta islet cells:

a) Glibenclamide

b) Phenformin

c) Buformine

d) Metformin

Ans: (a)

21. Currently used oral hypoglycemic biguanides include the following, EXCEPT:

a) Repaglinide (Prandin)

b) Metformin

c) Phenformine

d) Glipizide

Ans: (d)

22. The action of insulin is potentiated by:

a) Sulphonylureas

b) Glucagon

c) Biguanides

d) None of the above

Ans: (c)

23. Duration of action of:

a) Tolbutamide is more than that of chlorpropamide

b) Chlorpropamide is more than that of tolbutamide

c) Tolbutamide and chlorpropamide is equal

d) Oral hypoglycemic agents depend on the severity of hyperglycemia

Ans: (b)

24. Side effects of sulphonylureas are less than those of biguanides. This considerations is:

a) True

b) False

Ans: (a)

25. Biguanides are used in the following conditions, EXCEPT:

a) As a supplement to sulphonylurea, where it is insufficient to give good results

b) In over weight diabetics

c) To reduce insulin requirements

d) In case of hyperglycemic shock

Ans: (d)

26. Which of the following agents is/are important hormonal antagonists of insulin in the body?

a) Glucagon

b) Adrenal steroids

c) Adrenaline

d) All of the above

Ans: (d)

27. Glucagon is:

a) A glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 6000

b) A peptide – identical in all mammals – consisting of a single chain of 29 amino acids

c) A a fructoolygosaccharide

d) A small protein with a molecular weight of 5808 having disulphide linkage

Ans: (d)

28. Which of the following statements is FALSE?

a) Glucagon is synthesized in the A cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans.

b) Glucagon is a peptide – identical in all mammals – consisting of a single chain of 29 amino acids

c) Glucagon is extensively degraded in the liver and kidney as well as in plasma, and at its tissue receptor sites.

d) Half-life of glucagon is between 6 and 8 hours, which is similar to that of insulin

Ans: (d)

29. Glucagon can be used in the following situations, EXCEPT:

a) Severe hypoglycemia

b) Severe hyperglycemia

c) Endocrine diagnosis

d) Beta-blocker poisoning

Ans: (b)

30. Main complications of insulin therapy include the following:

a) Hypoglycemia

b) Insulin allergy

c) Lipodystrophy at an injection site

d) All of the above

Ans: (d)

MCQ on Pancreatic Hormones & Antidiabetic Drugs