To prepare various chemicals used in biochemistry laboratory

Requirements: Beaker, Funnel, concentrate hydrochloric acid, distilled water, measuring cylinder, copper sulphate, and acetic acid etc.

Theory: According to Arrhenius theory, on dissolution in water acid forms hydrogen ion (H+) and bases form hydroxyl ion (OH-). According to Bronsted Lowry theory acid are the substances which can give proton and bases are substances which can accept proton. According to Lewis theory acid are those molecule which can accept lone pair of electron and base are those molecule which can donate lone pair of electron.

Strong acid: An acid which yields protons easily in high concentration. Ex- HCL, HNO3. A base which yields hydroxyl ion in high concentration called strong base. Ex- NaOH, KOH.

Weak acid- If the degree of ionization of acid is less they are called weak acid. Ex- CH3COOH. 

Weak base- if the degree of ionization of base is less they are called weak base. Ex- Ca(OH)2.

Hydrochloric acid: Category-Pharmaceutical Aid (acidifying agent), Description-clear, colourless, fuming liquid, odor, pungent. Solubility: Miscible with water.

Sodium hydroxide (NAOH): Category- Pharmaceutical aid (alkalizing agent). Description- White crystalline masses supplied as sticks, pellets or slabs, deliquescent, readily absorbs carbon dioxide. Solubility: very soluble in water, freely soluble in ethanol (95%).

Procedure For To prepare various chemicals used in biochemistry laboratory

Preparation of dilute hydrochloric acid (5N, HCl): Forty two mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid was transferred in beaker previously containing ten mL distilled water and volume was made up to hundred mL by distilled water.

Preparation of dilute sulphuric acid (5N, H2SO4): Fourteen mL of concentrated sulphuric acid was transferred in beaker previously containing ten mL distilled water and volume was made up to hundred mL using distilled water.

Preparation of dilute nitric acid (5N, HNO3)

Thirty one mL of concentrated nitric acid was transferred in beaker previously containing ten mL distilled water and volume was made up to hundred mL using distilled water.

Preparation of 5N sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution

Twenty grams of sodium hydroxide was weighed out using electrical balance. It was transferred in beaker and dissolved in sixty mL distilled water. After complete dissolution, volume was made up to hundred mL using distilled water. It provided hundred mL sodium hydroxide solutions (5 N).

Preparation of 1% acetic acid (CH3COOH) solution

One mL of glacial acetic acid was pipette out and transferred into beaker previously containing ten mL distilled water. Its volume was made up to hundred mL using distilled water. It provided hundred mL acetic acid solutions (1%).

Preparation of 1% sodium nitrite (NaNO2) solution

One gram of sodium nitrite was weighed out using electrical balance and transferred in beaker. It was dissolved in 50 mL of distilled water. After complete dissolution, volume was made up to hundred mL by distilled water.

Preparation of 5N ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) solutions

Thirty four mL liquor ammonia was measured out and transferred into beaker previously containing ten mL distilled water. Volume was made up to hundred mL using distilled water.

Preparation of 10% copper sulfate (CuSO4) solution

Ten g copper sulphate was weighed out using electrical balance. It was transferred into beaker and dissolved in eighty mL distilled water. Then 0.3 mL sulphuric acid solution was added. Then volume was made up to hundred mL using distilled water.

Result- We prepared several chemicals such as 5N hydrochloric acid, 5N sulphuric acid, 5N Nitric acid, 5N sodium hydroxide, 1% acetic acid, 1% sodium nitrite, 5N ammonium hydroxide and 10% copper sulfate.